Trane TRG-TRC011-EN Bedienungsanleitung

Air ConditioningClinicAbsorptionWater ChillersOne of the Equipment SeriesTRG-TRC011-EN

TRG-TRC011-EN 5period oneAbsorption Refrigeration CyclenotesThere are two fundamental differences between the absorption refrigeration cycle and the v

6 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod oneAbsorption Refrigeration CycleAbsorption System FluidsProbably the greater of these differences between the vapor-compre

TRG-TRC011-EN 7period oneAbsorption Refrigeration CyclenotesAdditionally, the absorption refrigerant cycle uses a second fluid called an absorbent sol

8 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod oneAbsorption Refrigeration CycleThese two fluids, the refrigerant and the absorbent, are mixed inside the chiller in vario

TRG-TRC011-EN 9period oneAbsorption Refrigeration CyclenotesThe operating conditions used in this section of the clinic are approximate, subject to va

10 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod oneAbsorption Refrigeration CycleStarting on the high-pressure side of the cycle, the purpose of the generator is to deliv

TRG-TRC011-EN 11period oneAbsorption Refrigeration CyclenotesInside the condenser, cooling water flows through tubes and the hot refrigerant vapor fil

12 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod oneAbsorption Refrigeration CycleAs the high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows through the expansion device, it causes a p

TRG-TRC011-EN 13period oneAbsorption Refrigeration CyclenotesInside the absorber, the refrigerant vapor is absorbed by the lithium bromide solution. A

14 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod oneAbsorption Refrigeration CycleAs the lithium bromide solution absorbs the refrigerant, it becomes diluted and has less

AbsorptionWater ChillersOne of the Equipment SeriesA publication ofThe Trane Company—Worldwide Applied Systems Group

TRG-TRC011-EN 15period oneAbsorption Refrigeration CyclenotesEquilibrium ChartThe performance of the absorption refrigeration cycle can be analyzed us

16 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod oneAbsorption Refrigeration CycleA diagram of a typical absorption refrigeration cycle can be superimposed on this equilib

TRG-TRC011-EN 17period oneAbsorption Refrigeration CyclenotesStarting at the absorber, the dilute lithium bromide solution leaves the absorber ($) at

18 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesLithium bromide-and-water absorption chillers are classified by the firing method—that is, how the primary generator is heated an

TRG-TRC011-EN 19period twoAbsorption Chiller TypesnotesSingle-Effect ChillerThe single-effect absorption water chiller uses a cycle similar to the one

20 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod twoAbsorption Chiller TypesLet us review Period One briefly. In the generator, dilute solution absorbs heat from the steam

TRG-TRC011-EN 21period twoAbsorption Chiller TypesnotesDouble-Effect ChillerThe double-effect absorption chiller includes the same basic components as

22 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod twoAbsorption Chiller TypesIn the high-temperature generator, very high temperature steam or hot water flows through tubes

TRG-TRC011-EN 23period twoAbsorption Chiller TypesnotesNext, the refrigerant travels through the condenser, expansion device, evaporator and absorber

24 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod twoAbsorption Chiller Typesto the absorber reduces the flow rate of cooling water required through the absorber.The chille

Preface© 2000 American Standard Inc. All rights reservedTRG-TRC011-ENiiThe Trane Company believes that it is incumbent on manufacturers to serve the i

TRG-TRC011-EN 25period twoAbsorption Chiller TypesnotesIn the series flow cycle, the dilute solution from the absorber is pumped entirely to the high-

26 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod twoAbsorption Chiller TypesIn the parallel flow cycle, the dilute solution from the absorber is split between the low-temp

TRG-TRC011-EN 27period twoAbsorption Chiller TypesnotesDirect-Fired ChillerThe indirect-fired absorption chillers discussed previously use steam or a

28 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod twoAbsorption Chiller Typesseparate from the absorbent solution. As the refrigerant boils away, the solution becomes conce

TRG-TRC011-EN 29period twoAbsorption Chiller TypesnotesThe high-temperature generator pump draws a portion of the intermediate solution from the low-t

30 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod twoAbsorption Chiller TypesChiller/HeaterOne of the benefits of a direct-fired absorption chiller is that it can be used t

TRG-TRC011-EN 31period twoAbsorption Chiller TypesnotesEach of these operating modes serves a different load requirement.n In cooling only mode, the a

32 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod twoAbsorption Chiller TypesAn alternate method is to use the evaporator as a condenser in the heating mode. In this exampl

TRG-TRC011-EN 33period twoAbsorption Chiller TypesnotesWhile they are presently not available, higher-effect absorption chillers are being studied for

34 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod threeCapacity ControlThe primary objective of the chiller capacity control system is to reliably maintain the temperature

TRG-TRC011-EN iiiContentsIntroduction ... 1period one Absorption Refrigeration Cycle ...

TRG-TRC011-EN 35period threeCapacity Controlnotesother words, the combination of solution temperature and concentration determines the temperature at

36 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod threeCapacity ControlIn more modern absorption chiller designs, adjustable-frequency drives (AFD), also known as variable-

TRG-TRC011-EN 37period threeCapacity Controlnotesout of the condition called crystallization—a solidification of the bromide salt. Crystallization wil

38 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod threeCapacity ControlBy plotting the single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle on the equilibrium chart, it is apparent

TRG-TRC011-EN 39period threeCapacity ControlnotesAs discussed, the point at which crystallization occurs is determined by the temperature and concentr

40 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod threeCapacity Controlits way into the chiller through any available path. As explained earlier, the pressure and temperatu

TRG-TRC011-EN 41period threeCapacity Controlnotesoperate over a wide cooling-water temperature range, allowing the cooling-water temperature to vary w

42 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod threeCapacity ControlAs a second line of defense, most absorption water chillers include devices that allow the chiller to

TRG-TRC011-EN 43period threeCapacity ControlnotesSpecial consideration must be given to controlling the chiller at very low load conditions combined w

44 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod threeCapacity ControlPurge SystemAs presented earlier, the accumulation of air and other noncondensable gases undermines t

iv TRG-TRC004-EN

TRG-TRC011-EN 45period threeCapacity ControlnotesThis example purge system consists of a purge tank, a small refrigeration system, a pump-out system,

46 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod fourMaintenance ConsiderationsToday, after an absorption chiller is installed and put into operation, it functions without

TRG-TRC011-EN 47period fourMaintenance Considerationsnotescondenser inlet and outlet temperatures; and purge operation. Logs are a valuable tool for d

48 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod fourMaintenance ConsiderationsMost purges are fully automatic and generally require less maintenance than previous-generat

TRG-TRC011-EN 49period fourMaintenance ConsiderationsnotesThe burner is the heart of a direct-fired absorption chiller. Correct operation is, therefor

50 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod fourMaintenance ConsiderationsThe use of better heat-transfer materials will reduce future maintenance costs. The high-tem

TRG-TRC011-EN 51period fourMaintenance ConsiderationsnotesAn absorption chiller requires a very deep vacuum to operate efficiently. The introduction o

52 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod fourMaintenance ConsiderationsIf air leaks into the chiller, the corrosion inhibitor is depleted as it reacts with the air

TRG-TRC011-EN 53notesperiod fiveApplication ConsiderationsSeveral considerations must be addressed when applying absorption water chillers, including:

54 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod fiveApplication ConsiderationsCooling-Water Temperature LimitationsThe temperature of the cooling water significantly impa

TRG-TRC011-EN 1notesIntroductionWater chillers are used in a variety of air conditioning and process cooling applications. They are used to make cold

TRG-TRC011-EN 55period fiveApplication ConsiderationsnotesCombination Chiller PlantsAbsorption chillers possess two operating characteristics that can

56 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod fiveApplication ConsiderationsThe second beneficial operating characteristic is that an absorption chiller works more effi

TRG-TRC011-EN 57period fiveApplication ConsiderationsnotesSpecial Considerations for Direct-Fired ChillersThe combustion process that occurs in the bu

58 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod fiveApplication ConsiderationsIn general, ASHRAE Standard 15-1994, “Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration,” does not ap

TRG-TRC011-EN 59period fiveApplication Considerationsnotesa refrigerant vapor detector to monitor refrigerant levels in the machinery room. When the d

60 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesWe will now review the main concepts that were covered in this clinic on absorption water chillers.Period One presented the basic

TRG-TRC011-EN 61period sixReviewnotesand vapor refrigerant then flows into the evaporator pan, from which the evaporator spray pump continuously pumps

62 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod sixReviewPeriod Three explained the part-load operation of the absorption chiller. It described the use of energy valves,

TRG-TRC011-EN 63period sixReviewnotesPeriod Four described general maintenance requirements for absorption water chillers, including:n Recommended dat

64 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod sixReviewFor more information, refer to the following references:n Trane product catalogs for absorption water chiller pro

2 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesIntroductionWater chillers using the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle vary by the type of compressor used. The compressor wor

TRG-TRC011-EN 65Questions for Period 11 What are the names of the two working fluids used within the absorption cycle?2 Identify the components of the

66 TRG-TRC011-ENQuizQuestions for Period 39 Does an increase in solution concentration, assuming a constant solution temperature, result in an increas

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68 TRG-TRC011-EN1 Refrigerant (distilled water) and absorbent (lithium bromide)2 $ generator, % condenser, & expansion device, ' evaporator,

TRG-TRC011-EN 69absorbent A substance used to absorb refrigerant and transport it from the low-pressure to the high-pressure side of the absorption re

70 TRG-TRC011-ENGlossarycondenser A component of the absorption refrigeration system in which refrigerant vapor is converted to liquid as it rejects h

TRG-TRC011-EN 71Glossarypurge A device used to remove air and other noncondensable gases that may leak into the low-pressure absorption chiller.refrig

The Trane CompanyWorldwide Applied Systems Group3600 Pammel Creek RoadLa Crosse, WI 54601-7599www.trane.comAn American Standard CompanyLiterature Orde

TRG-TRC011-EN 3notesperiod oneAbsorption Refrigeration CycleThis period describes the components of the absorption refrigeration cycle. Comparing the

4 TRG-TRC011-ENnotesperiod oneAbsorption Refrigeration CycleIn the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, refrigerant enters the evaporator in the for